https://github.com/ITEC4B/ASCII-random-string-generator

Package: build-essential
This package is normally required for building Debian packages, it is OK to install it since it includes all what is necessary to get a C/C++ Development Environment.

# apt install build-essential

Package: gcc-doc
Documentation for the GNU compilers (gcc, gobjc, g++)

# apt install gcc-doc

Virtual Package: libc-dev
Package: libc<version>-dev
GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files
Contains the symlinks, headers, and object files needed to compile and link programs which use the standard C library

Package: libstdc++-<version>-dev
GNU Standard C++ Library v3 (development files)
This package contains the headers and static library files necessary for building C++ programs which use libstdc++.

Package: libstdc++-<version>-doc
GNU Standard C++ Library v3 (documentation files)
This package contains documentation files for the GNU stdc++ library.

Package: gcc
GNU C compiler
This is the GNU C compiler, a fairly portable optimizing compiler for C.

Package: g++
GNU C++ compiler
This is the GNU C++ compiler, a fairly portable optimizing compiler for C++.

Package: make
Utility for directing compilation
GNU make is a utility which controls the generation of executables and other target files of a program from the program’s source files.
It determines automatically which pieces of a large program need to be (re)created, and issues the commands to (re)create them.
make can be used to organize any task in which targets (files) are to be automatically updated based on input files whenever the corresponding input is newer. It is not limited to building computer programs. Indeed, make is a general purpose dependency solver.

Package: manpages-dev
Manual pages about using GNU/Linux for development
These man pages describe the Linux programming interface, including these two sections:
2 = Linux system calls.
3 = Library calls (note that a more comprehensive source of information may be found in the glibc-doc and glibc-doc-reference packages).

Package: ccache
Compiler cache for fast recompilation of C/C++ code
It speeds up recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again.

$ LC_ALL=C dpkg-query -f '${Package} ${Version} ${Status}\n' -W | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$4" "$5}' | column -t

Look For Specific Package(s)

Multiple package names and glob patterns works

$ LC_ALL=C dpkg-query -f '${Package} ${Version} ${Status}\n' -W <pkg_name> | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$4" "$5}' | column -t

You can use a program to rename directories and files without empty spaces

List size files from DIR
OUTPUT: <logical_size_bytes> <physical_size_bytes> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C find DIR -type f -exec stat -c '%s %b %B %n' {} + 2>/dev/null | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=4; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $1" "($2*$3)" "fname }'


List files from DIR with physical size >= nMB
OUTPUT: <logical_size_bytes> <physical_size_bytes> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C find DIR -type f -exec stat -c '%s %b %B %n' {} + 2>/dev/null | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=4; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $1" "($2*$3)" "fname }' | awk '$2>=nMB*(1024^2) {print $0}'

List ALL files from DIR, No Sort, date (mtime)
STD_CMD_LS_ALL
OUTPUT:
<mode?rwx> <links> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <filename>
$ LC_ALL=C ls -al --time-style="+%F %T" DIR 2>/dev/null | sed '/^total /d' | awk '($8 != "." && $8 != "..") {print $0}'


List ALL files from DIR, No Sort, date (mtime)
SPE_CMD_LS
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>
$ STD_CMD_LS_ALL | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=8; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $6" "$7" "$1" "$3" "$4" "$5" "fname }'


List ALL files from DIR, No Sort, date (mtime)
SPE_CMD_STAT
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>
$ LC_ALL=C stat -c '%y %A %U %G %s %n' DIR/{*,.*} 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's;[.][0-9]\{9\} +[0-9]\{4\};;g'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, No Sort, date (mtime)
STD_CMD_LS_FDL
OUTPUT: <mode?rwx> <links> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <filepath>
$ STD_CMD_LS_ALL | grep '^-\|^d\|^l'


List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, No Sort, date (mtime)
SPE_CMD_LS_FDL
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>
$ STD_CMD_LS_FDL | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=8; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $6" "$7" "$1" "$3" "$4" "$5" "fname }'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Sort: ascending date (mtime)
CMD_LS_FDL_MTIME_SORT_ASC
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ SPE_CMD_LS_FDL | sort

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Sort: descending date (mtime)
CMD_LS_FDL_MTIME_SORT_DESC
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ SPE_CMD_LS_FDL | sort -r

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Latest and Oldest (mtime)
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ CMD_LS_FDL_MTIME_SORT_DESC | sed -n '1p;$p'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Sort: ascending filename
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ SPE_CMD_LS_FDL | sort -k7

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Sort: descending size
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ SPE_CMD_LS_FDL | sort -k6n,6nr

Recursive

List ALL (not hidden) files from DIR, Recursive, No Sort, date (mtime)
Standard command ls -R without headers
OUTPUT: <mode?rwx> <links> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C ls -lR --time-style='+%F %T' DIR 2>/dev/null | sed '/:$/,/^total [0-9]\{1,\}/d' | tr -s '\n'


List ALL (hidden) files from DIR, Recursive, No Sort, date (mtime)
Standard command ls -R without headers
OUTPUT: <mode?rwx> <links> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C ls -alR --time-style='+%F %T' DIR 2>/dev/null | sed '/:$/,/^total [0-9]\{1,\}/d' | tr -s '\n' | awk '($8 != "." && $8 != "..") {print $0}'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Recursive, No Sort, date (mtime)

CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C find DIR \( -type f -o -type d -o -type l \) -exec stat -c '%y %A %U %G %s %n' {} + 2>/dev/null | sed 's;[.][0-9]\{9\} [+-][0-9]\{4\};;'


CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>

$ LC_ALL=C find DIR \( -type f -o -type d -o -type l \) -exec ls -ld --time-style="+%F %T" {} + 2>/dev/null | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=8; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $6" "$7" "$1" "$3" "$4" "$5" "fname }'


CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME
OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ LC_ALL=C ls -alR --time-style="+%F %T" DIR 2>/dev/null | grep '^-\|^d\|^l'  | awk '($8 != "." && $8 != "..") {print $0}' | awk '{ fname=""; for (i=8; i <= NF; i++) fname=fname $i " "; print $6" "$7" "$1" "$3" "$4" "$5" "fname }'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Recursive, Sort: descending date (mtime)

OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>
CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME_SORT_DESC

$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME | sort -r


OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>
CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME_SORT_DESC

$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME | sort -r


OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>
CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME_SORT_DESC

$ CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME | sort -r

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Recursive, Latest and Oldest (mtime)

OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>

$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME_SORT_DESC | sed -n '1p;$p'
$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME_SORT_DESC | sed -n '1p;$p'


OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME_SORT_DESC | sed -n '1p;$p'

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Recursive, Sort: ascending filepath

OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>

$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME | sort -k7
$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME | sort -k7


OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>

$ CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME | sort -k7

List regular files/dirs/symlinks from DIR, Recursive, Sort: descending size

OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filepath>

$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_STAT_MTIME | sort -k6n,6nr
$ CMD_FIND_FDL_RECURSIVE_LS_MTIME | sort -k6n,6nr


OUTPUT: <mdate YYYY-MM-DD> <mtime hh:mm:ss> <mode?rwx> <uname> <gname> <size_bytes> <filename>
$ CMD_LS_FDL_RECURSIVE_MTIME | sort -k6n,6nr

List/Delete Empty Directories

List Empty Directories
$ find DIR -type d -empty 2>/dev/null

Delete Empty Directories (verbose)
$ find DIR -type d -empty -exec rmdir -v {} +

List/Delete Empty Files

List Empty Files
$ find DIR -type f -empty 2>/dev/null

Delete Empty Files (verbose)
$ find DIR -type f -empty -exec rm -v {} +

List Top 100 biggest files from DIR

By default 'du' command print the real disk usage in blocks of 1024 bytes (number of used blocks) rather than the logical file' size (raw data in bytes). If you want to show the logical size use -b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1' option.

$ man du
Display  values  are  in  units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).


Real disk usage in blocks (default: 1block=1024bytes)
$ LC_ALL=C find DIR -type f -exec du {} + 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -n100

Logical file's size in bytes
$ LC_ALL=C find DIR -type f -exec du -b {} + 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -n100
$ LC_ALL=C find DIR -type f -exec du -b -h {} + 2>/dev/null | sort -hr | head -n100

List Top 100 biggest files in blocks
$ LC_ALL=C find / -type f -exec du {} + 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -n100

Get directory size (content)

Real disk usage in blocks (default: 1block=1024bytes), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du -s --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null

Logical directory's size in bytes (approximation), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du -sb --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/nul

List (sub)directories size + mtime from DIR, sort by size

Limiting Directory Tree Depth: 2

Real disk usage in blocks (default: 1block=1024bytes), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du -d2 --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -nr

Logical file's size in bytes (approximation), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du  -d2 -b   --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -nr
$ du  -d2 -bh --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -hr

List (sub)directories size + mtime from DIR, sort by name

Limiting Directory Tree Depth: 2

Real disk usage in blocks (default: 1block=1024bytes), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du -d2 --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -k4

Logical file's size in bytes (approximation), hidden subdirectories excluded
$ du  -d2 -b   --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -k4
$ du  -d2 -bh --time --time-style='+%F %T' --exclude=.* DIR 2>/dev/null | sort -k4

Debian worldwide mirror sites

https://www.debian.org/mirror/list-full

The Debian Administrator’s Handbook

https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-handbook